Electrocardiographic parameters of Markhoz goat using base apex lead and six standard limb leads

Electrocardiographic study of 50 healthy Markhoz goats ranging from less than 1 to more than 3 years in age was carried out. The heart rate varied from 99 to 123 beats/min with a mean of 110 beats/min. There was a significant difference between the heart rate of goats in 3 age groups [[P<0.05]. The mean duration of P and T waves and QT interval in base apex lead, QRS wave in lead I, P-R and PQ interval in aVF lead were higher and duration of QRS and T waves in aVR lead, P wave in lead III, PQ and P-R intervals in lead II and QT interval in aVR lead were lower than those in the other leads. The mean duration of QT interval had significant changes with age [P<0.05]

prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in horses of the Sanandaj area

Cardiac arrhythmias, caused by disorders in the generation and transmission of cardiac impulses, is included among the heart disorders that cause inefficient blood circulation. The most commonly-used method for diagnosing this disorder is electrocardiography. In this study, we aimed to identify and diagnose different types of arrhythmia prevalent among the seemingly-healthy horses of Sanandaj City, with particular regard to breeds specific to this region. The researcher took electrocardiograms of 50 horses in Base-Apex, including Kurdish purebreds [n = 4], Arab purebreds [n = 20], and hybrid horses [n = 26; 35 male and 15 female overall]. The results of the electrocardiograms showed arrhythmias in 16 [32%] out of all the horses in this study. Of these, 23% of the stallions, 10% of mares, 40% of the Kurdish purebreds, 8% of the Arab purebreds, and 26% of hybrid horses suffered from arrhythmias. Different types of arrhythmia diagnosed included sinus arrhythmia [10%], sinus tachycardia [8%], wandering pacemaker [8%], and first degree atrioventricular block [6%]. The frequencies of arrhythmia in horses found in this study were similar to the results of other researchers. It is important to distinguish between physiological and pathological arrhythmias in horses after diagnosis, since arrhythmias can have a great impact on exercise performance

[Study on possible relationship between gastric ulcer and cardiac arrhythmias in the Arab horse and Caspian miniature horse]

Peptic ulcer is a very common disorder in horse race and foals. In the present research possible relationship between gastric ulcer and the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmia were studied in two different horse race. In this respect. 13 Caspian miniature horses and 8 Arab horses were studied. Gastric ulcers and cardiac arrhythmias were diagnosed in 13 horses [62%] and 12[57%] out of 211 horses, respectively. The observed cardiac arrhythmias were sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia, second degree AV block and SA block. There was no significant relationship between gastric ulcer and cardiac arrhythmia in general and between gastric ulcer and each kind of arrhythmia [p>0.005]. Serum calcium, potassium. sodium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorous concentrations were measured in the horses. No significant correlation was seen between serum electrolyte and gastric ulcer or cardiac arrhythmia. Despite lack of significant correlation between cardiac arrhythmia and gastric ulcer, more occurrence for some kinds of arrhythmia in affected horses with gastric ulcer was very interesting and need to be further investigated in future

Prevalence of subacute ruminal acidosis in some dairy herds of Khorasan Razavi province, northeast of Iran

To estimate the prevalence of subacute ruminal acidosis [SARA] in dairy cows, a total of 196 ruminal fluid samples were drawn by rumenocentesis from 10 dairy herds of Khorasan Razavi province, northeast of Iran. Two groups of 12 cows, early lactation and mid-lactation cows were sampled in each dairy herd and ruminal pH was determined immediately using a portable pH-meter. A total of 54 cows [27.6%] were found to be experiencing SARA. No significant differences were found between SARA affected and non-affected cows in ruminal contractions, faecal quality and fat and protein components of milk

Comparison of ear notch immunofluorescent, buffy coat antigen-capture ELISA and RT-PCR for detection of calves suspected to actuely infected with bovine pesti virus

Twelve calves of 4-10 months old with clinical signs suspected to bovine viral diarrhea virus [BVDV] infection were selected for this study. Histopathologic sections were performed on formalin fixed paraffin-embded ear notch biopsies, mounted on poly-L-lysine coated slides and stained for BVDV by Anti-BVDV monoclonal antibody labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Stained sections were examined by fluorescent microscopy for detection of green fluorescent evidence within the cytoplasm of keratinocytes, other dermal cells and chondrocytes. Detection of BVDVantigen in buffy coat cells was performed by using a commercially available antigen-capture ELISAkit, and RT- PCR, using a universal primers set, specific for all pestiviruses. Based on 11 positive cases detected by RT-PCR, immunofluorescent staining and antigen-capture ELISAcould detect 8 cases [72.72%] and one case [9%] respectively. Results of this study suggest immunofluorescent test on ear notch biopsies has a relatively high sensitivity, and can be used as a reliable and feasible method for detection of calves with acute infection with BVDV

[ study on pathologic changes in sheep experimentally infected with Babesia ovis]

Macroscopic and microscopic lesions of experimentally induced ovine babesiosis with Babesia ovis.Experimental study.Twelve 1 to 2- year -old native breed sheep [Chall]. Babesiosis was induced by intravenous injection of Babesia ovis. These sheep were negative for babesial infection before the experiment. Six of them were splenectomized. Clinical symptoms were recorded and serological and hematological examinations were carried out. Four seriously affected sheep [three splenectomized and one intact] were necropsied and macroscopic lesions were recorded. The tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5micro, and stained with H and E, Giemsa Gener's and PAS for histopathology. Grossly, the liver was enlarged and dark brown in color and gallbladder was distended with watery bile. The kidneys were dark with cortical petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages and moist on cut surface. Numerous subepicardial petechial hemorrhages were present. The lymph nodes were edematous and hemorrhagic. Gross examination of the CNS revealed edema and congestion of the brain and meninges. The lungs were diffusely congested and edematous. The cut surface of these organs was moist and the tracheal and bronchial lumina contained a large amount of frothy, pinkish edema fluid. The blood was thin and watery. Some carcasses were icteric. Histopathologic examination revealed focal necrosis, lymphoplasmocytic pericholangitis and cholangiohepatitis and canalicular cholestasis in liver. Proliferative glomerulitis, congestion of glomerular capillaries and ischemic acute tubular necrosis was present. Lymphocytic epicarditis and endocarditis, lymphohistiocytic myocarditis together with zenkers necrosis of cardiac muscle fibers and hemorrhages were observed. Severe edema, mild lymphocytolysis and hemorrhagic lymphadenitis were present. Perineuronal and perivascular edema and status spongiosis were noticed in brain. Microscopically, acute alveolar edema and interstitial neutrophilic and macrophages infiltration were present. Congestion of skeletal muscles was also present.These findings indicate that the disease is more complex than a simple syndrome of intravascular hemolysis. The intense visceral congestion and pulmonary edema suggest that death may be partly due to circulatory shock associated with accumulation of toxins, release of vasoactive substances and anemic anoxia

first report of sporotrichosis in horse in around Tehran

In spring 1994 a four year old throughbred horse was examined at a horse club in the vicinity of Tehran. Inflammation of left leg was evident Biopsy puncture and blood samples were taken for histopathological microbilogical haematological and mycological tests. Mycological results showed that sporothrix schenckii is the causative agent and sporothricosis confirmed. Treatment with potassium iodide 10 gram daily via oral route for two months was recommended. However complete recovery did not achieve because the disease was in chronic stage. This is the first report of equine sporothricosis from Iran